Fractions Teaching Resources
Make math lesson planning a breeze with printable fractions worksheets, fun activities, games, and more teaching resources for the elementary classroom.
This collection of curriculum-aligned printable and digital resources has been created just for teachers by the teachers on the Teach Starter team. That means each resource has undergone an in-depth review before being published to ensure it's ready for the classroom and your students! Inside this collection, you'll find editable resources you can easily differentiate for individual learners plus math center activities and fun games to help students understand how to add and divide fractions and more.
New to teaching this section of the math curriculum? Read on for a guide to all things fractions from our teacher team!
What Are Fractions?
It may be basic, but we need to start somewhere! Fractions are, of course, mathematical expressions that represent a part of a whole or a ratio of two quantities. Fractions can be used to represent quantities that are not whole numbers, and they are an important part of arithmetic, algebra, and other areas of math that our students explore throughout their elementary and high school education.
Understanding numerators and denominators is an essential skill as students dive into adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing fractions.
Next, let's dive into the most common topics we cover when we're teaching fractions!
Proper Fractions vs. Improper Fractions
Teaching fractions involves teaching students a lot of new vocabulary! Two terms your class will need to know early on in your lessons are:
- Proper Fractions: This is a fraction where the numerator (the top part) is less than the denominator (the bottom part). A proper fraction represents a value that is between 0 and 1. For example, 1/2 is a proper fraction because the numerator (1) is less than the denominator (2).
- Improper Fractions: This is a fraction where the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator. An improper fraction represents a value that is greater than or equal to 1. For example, 3/2 is an improper fraction because the numerator (3) is greater than the denominator (2).
What Is a Unit Fraction?
We told you there was a lot of vocabulary involved! A unit fraction is a fraction whose numerator is 1 and whose denominator is a positive integer.
For example, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, etc., are all unit fractions. Unit fractions are also examples of proper fractions, as they are always less than 1 in value.
When working with unit fractions in your classroom, students learn to represent these fractions with visual models where one piece of a partitioned shape is shaded in. Students also learn to build larger fractions by grouping unit fractions together.
As an example, 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 = 3/8.
What Is the Least Common Multiple?
Working on fractions with your upper elementary students? You may be tackling the least common multiple this school year. So let's talk about what that means. The least common multiple is another important term to define before diving into adding, subtracting, or comparing fractions.
Sometimes called the LCM, the least common multiple of two or more numbers is the smallest positive integer that is divisible by all of the numbers.
In order to find the LCM of two or more numbers, you can teach students to use one of several methods, including:
- The prime factorization method
- The listing method
- The division method
How Do You Add Fractions?
Once students understand the basics of fractions, it's time to teach how they work in relation to the different operations. We'll start with addition.
To add two or more fractions, students will need to:
- Find a common denominator (also known as the least common denominator or LCD) that is a multiple of the denominators of all the fractions. A common denominator can be found by finding the least common multiple (LCM) of the denominators.
- Once students have found the common denominator, they need to learn to convert each fraction so that it has the same denominator as the others. This is done by multiplying both the numerator and denominator of each fraction by the same number so that the denominator is equal to the common denominator.
- After converting the fractions to have the same denominator, they can add the numerators of the converted fractions.
- The denominator will be the least common denominator that was found earlier.
How Do You Subtract Fractions?
Finding the sum of fractions is one thing, but how do students find the difference?
- Students will once again need to find a common denominator — a common multiple of the denominators of the fractions.
- Once they have found a common denominator, they can convert each fraction so that it has the same denominator as the others.
- After converting the fractions to have the same denominator, students can subtract the numerators of the converted fractions to find the numerator of the difference. The denominator of the difference will be the common denominator that they found earlier.
How Do You Multiply Fractions?
Once students have adding and subtracting fractions down, they might find that multiplying is a lot simpler!
To multiply two or more fractions, you simply multiply the numerators (the top parts) together to get the numerator of the product, and then multiply the denominators (the bottom parts) together to get the denominator of the product.
How Do You Divide Fractions?
It's time for one last operation! Dividing fractions is one of the more complicated processes elementary students will have to handle when it comes to working with fractions. They will need to know how to invert fractions before they can dive in, aka flipping the numerator and denominator.
To divide fractions, teach students to:
- Invert the second fraction.
- Multiply the two fractions.
- Simplify the quotient — if possible — by finding the greatest common factor of the numerator and denominator and dividing both by it, to get the final answer in simplest form.
How Do You Simplify Fractions?
Simplifying a fraction is pretty, well, simple! It means reducing it to its simplest form. To do this, students will find an equivalent fraction that has the same value but with a smaller numerator and denominator. The numerator and denominator of a simplified fraction have no common factors other than 1.
To simplify a fraction, you can divide both the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor. You'll then need to keep dividing by the greatest common factor until it is equal to 1, which means that the fraction can't be simplified any further. And there you have it — a simplified fraction!
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Equivalent Fractions – Mystery Picture Worksheet
Determine equivalent fractions while using the color guide to reveal a mystery image.
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Comparing Fractions Mini-Book
Use this mini-book to help your students learn how to compare fractions with visual models, number lines, and mathematical reasoning.
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Equivalent Fractions on a Number Line – Differentiated Worksheets
Practice placing equivalent fractions on a number line with this cut-and-paste worksheet.
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Fraction Flags Worksheet – Differentiated
Create fraction models with different flags by partitioning rectangles and coloring them according to the guide.
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Halves and Fourths – Cut and Paste Worksheet
Practice sorting objects partitioned into halves and fourths with this cut-and-paste worksheet.
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Equivalent Fractions Chart – Differentiated Worksheets
Use a fraction wall to find equivalent fractions and compare fractions with this set of differentiated worksheets.
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Introduction to Fractions – Interactive Instructional Slide Deck
Use this instructional slide deck to teach your students how to identify the parts of a fraction, determine equal and unequal parts, and use numerators and denominators to write fractions.
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Fraction Strips
Promote hands-on learning in your classroom with this set of printable fraction strips.
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Partitioning Shapes – Basic Fraction Worksheets
Identify equal parts and practice partitioning shapes with these fraction worksheets designed for 1st and 2nd grade.
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Fractions on a Number Line - Halves, Quarters, and Eighths
Demonstrate the concept of fractions on a number line with a printable number line display and student reference sheets.
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Multiplying Fractions Task Cards
Practice multiplying fractions with a set of 12 task cards.
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Least Common Multiple – Doodle Notes
Learn how to find the LCM of a set of numbers with these doodle notes.
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Fraction Fact File Worksheet
Explore all things fractions with this one-page printable worksheet.
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Fractions Number Line - Thirds, Sixths, and Twelfths
Demonstrate the concept of thirds, sixths, and twelfths on a number line with a printable number line display and student reference sheets.
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Subtracting Fractions with Unlike Denominators Interactive Maze
Get your students to subtract fractions with unlike denominators to find their way out of the digital maze!
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Adding Fractions with Unlike Denominators Interactive Maze
Get your students to add fractions with unlike denominators to find their way out of the digital maze!
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Subtracting Fractions With Unlike Denominators Task Cards
Get your students subtracting fractions with unlike denominators using this set of task cards focusing on a variety of strategies.
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Adding Fractions With Unlike Denominators Task Cards
Get your students to add fractions with unlike denominators using this set of task cards focusing on a variety of strategies.
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Adding Fractions With Like Denominators Teaching Slides
Teach your students how to add fractions with like denominators using a variety of strategies with this comprehensive slide deck.
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Adding Fractions With Like Denominators Worksheets
Download this set of adding fractions with like denominators worksheets to help your students practice this important math skill.
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Subtracting Fractions With Like Denominators Task Cards
Get your students subtracting fractions with like denominators using this set of task cards focusing on a variety of strategies.
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Adding Fractions With Like Denominators Task Cards
Get your students adding fractions with like denominators using this set of task cards focusing on a variety of strategies.
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Introduction to Unit Fractions Worksheet Pack
Introduce your students to unit fractions with this set of teacher-created worksheets.
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Ordering Unit Fractions Cut and Paste
Practice ordering visual representations of unit fractions and their fraction with this set of worksheets.
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Unit Fraction Interactive Notebook Template
Engage students in a fun unit fraction activity to stick in their math workbooks using this interactive mini flipbook templates.
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Unit Fraction Puzzle Pop Match
‘Pop’ in a bit of extra practice with unit fractions using this fun set of Unit Fraction Puzzle Pops!
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Unit Fraction Flowers Craft Activity
Construct unit fraction flowers and discover different ways unit fractions can occur.
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Unit Fraction Fairy Bread Matching Activity
Sort and match fairy bread model cards to the corresponding unit fraction cards.
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Unit Fraction Sorting Activity
Explore different images of unit fractions with your students in this unit fraction sorting activity with fraction word and fraction heading cards.
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Build a Pizza! Unit Fraction Game
Practice unit fraction with this fun ‘make a pizza’ game to be played in pairs or small groups.
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Unit Fraction Roll and Color Activity
Create a fun learning environment with this roll and color unit fractions printable activity sheet.
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Unit Fractions Interactive Activity
Explore everything there is to know about unit fractions with your students using this engaging interactive activity.